Ascorbyl Palmitate Antioxidant

Ascorbyl palmitate is derived from corn dextrose fermentation and palm oil. Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C.

Ascorbyl palmitate is a fat-soluble form of vitamin C, which is better absorbed than ascorbic acid, the water-soluble form. It offers all the benefits of ascorbic acid, plus it won’t flush out of the body as quickly as ascorbic acid, and it is able to be stored in cell membranes until the body needs it.

Ascorbyl palmitate is an amphipathic molecule, which means one end is water-soluble and the other end is fat-soluble. This dual solubility allows it to permeate the extra-cellular aqueous environment of the cell and the interior cellular environment, as well. When it is incorporated into the cell membranes of human red blood cells, ascorbyl palmitate protects them from oxidative damage and also helps protect vitamin E (a fat-soluble antioxidant) from oxidation by free radicals.

Many people think vitamin C (ascorbyl palminate) is only used for immune support, but it has many other important functions. A major role of vitamin C is in manufacturing collagen, a protein that forms the basis of connective tissue – the most abundant tissue in the body. In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E304).

Ascorbyl palmitate taken orally is less effective, due to the substance breaking down again into ascorbic acid (not necessarily Vitamin C) and palmitic acid (a saturated fatty acid) before being digested. Ascorbyl palmitate is also marketed as “vitamin C ester”.

Ascorbyl Palmitate is an ascorbate bonded to palmitic acid to form a Vitamin C ester, used as an anti-staling compound which retard the staling of food products, and soften the crumb. Other anti-staling compounds are sucrose stearate, polyoxyethylene monostearate, glyceryl monostearate, stearoyl tartrate (polyoxyethylene and monoglyceride derivatives of fatty acids).

Ascorbyl palmitate is a synthetic ester comprised of the 16-carbon chain saturated fatty acid palmitic acid and L-ascorbic acid. The ester linkage is at the 6 carbon of ascorbic acid. It is used as an antioxidant in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and is also used as a preservative for the natural oils, oleates, fragrances, colors, vitamins and other edible oils and waxes which are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and foods. Ascorbyl palmitate is a white or yellowish powder having a slight odor. It is very slightly soluble in water and in vegetable oils. Ascorbic acid comprises 42.5% of the weight of ascorbyl palmitate. Its molecular weight is 414.54 daltons and its empirical formula is C22H38O7. Ascorbyl palmitate is also known as vitamin C palmitate, L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate and 3-oxo-L-gulofuranolactone 6-palmitate.

Ascorbyl palmitate is marketed as a nutritional supplement and claimed by some to be a superior delivery form of vitamin C. Since ascorbyl palmitate is a fat-soluble derivative of ascorbic acid, theoretically it can concentrate into the lipid domains of biological systems and protect cell membranes and low density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation.

Ascobyl palmitate works to protect fats from peroxidation, and it can be stored in the body in small amounts. It works best when taken in combination of ascorbic acid. Ascobyl palmitate also acts synergistically with other antioxidants such as vitamin E. The use of ascobyl palmitate in anti-aging was pioneered by the two times Nobel Laureate Dr. Linus Pauling, whose research and subsequent clinical studies showed that ascobyl palmitate, when used in combination with vitamin C and amino acids lysine and proline, is able to strengthen the vascular wall and reverse atherosclerotic heart disease.

The use of vitamin C as part of an anti-aging protocol is widespread. At least 300 mg to 2000 mg of vitamin C is widely accepted as the optimum anti-aging dose. However, vitamin C alone is insufficient for optimum health. Its half-life is short and retention time in the body is therefore low.

Ascobyl palmitate is a good balancing and complementary nutrient. Together, the antioxidant properties are extended. Furthermore, the addition of lysine and proline helps to enhance the cardiovascular system. Those serious in anti-aging and optimum cardiovascular health should consider the intake of these four important nutrients a part of their daily routine. Ascobyl palmitate is a free radical scavenger. Free radicals include active oxygen species, such as superoxide, ×OH, ×OOH, etc., and the free radicals derived from the biochemical utilization of oxygen or the prooxidant stimulation of oxygen metabolism, initiate the peroxidation of unsaturated lipids – especially those that constitute bio-membranes.

Ascorbyl Palmitate Anti-inflammatory

Ascorbyl Palmitate has powerful antioxidant properties, helps maintain normal connective tissue, may reduce the risk of certain cancers as well as coronary artery disease, and helps in the healing of wounds.

The molecule was tested on several human inflammatory models. Studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity when Ascorbyl Palmitate is applied to psoriasis. Studies also show that Ascorbyl Palmitate can dramatically decrease UVB induced erythema (sunburn) when applied topically.

Ascorbyl Palmitate is more active than Ascorbic Acid. A study conducted at the University of North Carolina compared the efficacy of Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbyl Palmitate in the suppression of phorbol ester induced tumor production (tumors nearly identical to those caused by UV light exposure). This study demonstrated that, while Ascorbyl Palmitate and Ascorbic Acid both have tumor suppressing activity, Ascorbyl Palmitate was 30 times more effective than Ascorbic Acid at 1/4 the dose.

Ascorbyl Palmitate is extremely stable. Ascorbyl Palmitate is the only vitamin C molecule that will maintain its vitamin C activity for long periods of time. C-ESTA products have a normal two-year shelf life.

Ascorbyl Palmitate enhances vitamin E activity in the skin. Because Ascorbyl Palmitate can reside in the cell membrane, it can regenerate the vitamin E radical on a continuous basis. This is as opposed to Ascorbic Acid, which only interacts with vitamin E at the interface of the water-soluble and lipid components.

Ascorbyl Palmitate has been proven to be physiologically active in human cell cultures.

Ascorbyl Palmitate shows greater activity than Ascorbic Acid in fibroblast growth and collagen production.

Ascorbyl Palmitate shows greater activity than Ascorbic Acid at lower doses.

Ascorbyl Palmitate has better skin absorption and retention than Ascorbic Acid. In a study conducted by a division of Proctor and Gamble, skin absorption was compared between Ascorbyl Palmitate and Ascorbic Acid. At two hours, skin absorption of Ascorbyl Palmitate was far greater than Ascorbic Acid. At twenty-four hours, the amount of Ascorbyl Palmitate was over nine times greater.

Ascorbyl palmitate, working at the cell membrane, has been shown to provide antioxidant action potential comparable or even greater than that of vitamin E. It also acts synergistically with vitamin E, helping to regenerate the vitamin E radical on a constant basis.

Ascorbyl Palmitate Benefits

One of the advantages of taking a nutritional supplement that contains ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbic acid is that you may require a smaller dosage because ascorbyl palmitate doesn’t flush out of your system as quickly as water-soluble vitamin C. More importantly, exciting new research done on laboratory animals and in vitro indicates that ascorbyl palmitate:

• is a preventative against stomach cancer and colon cancer
• reduces the toxic effects of acetaminophen better than ascorbic acid
• stimulates collagen synthesis at lower doses than ascorbic acid
• is a powerful free radical scavenger

Most supplements contain little or no ascorbyl palmitate because it is much more expensive than regular ascorbic acid. Because both the fat-soluble and water-soluble forms of vitamin C each has unique properties, it makes sense to obtain our supplemental vitamin C from both forms. A well designed vitamin C or multi-nutrient supplement should contain at least 25% of its vitamin C in the fat-soluble, ascorbyl palmitate form.

Ascorbyl Palmitate Precautions

If pregnant or lactating, consult your physician before taking this product.

People with the following conditions should consult their doctor before supplementing with vitamin C: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, iron overload (hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis), history of kidney stones, or kidney failure.

It has been suggested that people who form calcium oxalate kidney stones should avoid vitamin C supplements because vitamin C can convert into oxalate and increase urinary oxalate. Consult your physician for more information.

Ascorbyl Palmitate Drug Interactions

Ascorbyl palmitate may react with mixed amphetamines (a specific amphetamine combination used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder) and blood thinning medications.

Dosage

Daily Use: 1-2 500 mg capsules daily preferably with meals.

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Ascorbyl Palmitate Research Links

Ascorbyl palmitate enhances iron bioavailability in iron-fortified bread.
http://www.ajcn.org/content/84/4/830.full

Antioxidant Activity of Tocopherols, Ascorbyl and Ascorbic Acid and Their Mode of Action W.M. CORT, Product Development Department, Hoffmann-La-Roche Inc.,Nutley, New Jersey 07110
http://www.springerlink.com/content/a2483v2830071358/fulltext.pdf

Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12235445

Ascorbyl palmitate as a carrier of ascorbate into neural tissues.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595755